The integration of professional master's degree education in medicine with standardized residency training has become a pivotal model for cultivating clinical physicians in China. Master's candidates of medical professional programs, who simultaneously face the dual burdens of clinical rotations and graduate academic assessments, constitute a population at high risk for occupational burnout. Burnout, operationalized through the Maslach triad of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and diminished personal accomplishment, not only impairs the psychological well-being of residents but also compromises their clinical reasoning abilities and long-term career sustainability. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current prevalence, influencing factors, adverse outcomes, and intervention strategies pertaining to burnout among master's-level medical students engaged in standardized residency training, with the aim of providing evidence for the optimization of residency management and the strengthening of psychological health support systems for trainees.